House passes 1,100-page spending and tax bill, raising debt by up to $4 trillion

May 23, 2025 · Legislative Recap · by Amy West and Joshua Tauberer

Early Thursday morning the House passed H.R. 1: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — yes, that’s it’s official title — a 1,100+ page bill with large cuts to both spending and taxes. We know the big picture but little about the details because it hasn’t been available for long enough for anyone to actually read it.

This is the “reconciliation” bill, the first signature legislation moved by Republicans in Congress and President Trump. This bill has special rules that make …