I
111th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 1337
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
March 5, 2009
Mr. Larson of Connecticut (for himself, Mr. George Miller of California, Mr. McDermott, Mr. Blumenauer, Mr. Holt, Mr. Wu, and Mr. Moran of Virginia) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the United States domestic energy supply.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the
America’s Energy Security Trust Fund
Act of 2009
.
Tax on carbon dioxide content of certain substances
In general
Chapter 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to environmental taxes) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subchapter:
Tax on carbon dioxide content of certain substances
Sec. 4691. Imposition of tax.
Sec. 4692. Refunds or credits.
Sec. 4693. Border adjustments.
Sec. 4694. Definitions and special rules.
Imposition of tax
In general
There is hereby imposed a tax on any taxable carbon substance sold by the manufacturer, producer, or importer thereof.
Amount of tax
In general
The amount of tax imposed by subsection (a) on any taxable carbon substance shall be the applicable amount per ton of carbon dioxide content of such substance, as determined by the Secretary in consultation with the Secretary of Energy.
Fractional part of ton
In the case of a fraction of a ton, the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the same fraction of the amount of such tax imposed on a whole ton.
Applicable amount
For purposes of paragraph (1)—
Calendar year 2009
The applicable amount for calender year 2009 is $15.
Years after 2009
In general
Except as provided in clause (ii), for a calendar year after 2009, the applicable amount is the sum of—
the amount in effect under this paragraph for the preceding calendar year, plus
$10.
Except for carbon emissions target nonattainment year
Effective for any carbon emissions target nonattainment year with respect to which there is in effect pursuant to subparagraph (C) a carbon emissions target for the second preceding calender year—
In general
If any calendar year is a carbon emissions target
nonattainment year, the applicable amount for such year shall be determined
under clause (i) by substituting $15
for $10
in
subclause (II) thereof.
Carbon emission target nonattainment year
For purposes of subclause (I), a calendar year is a carbon emissions target nonattainment year if the total carbon emissions in the United States for the second preceding calendar year exceed the targets established under subparagraph (C) for such second preceding calendar year.
Emissions targets
In general
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall submit to the Secretary and the Congress emissions targets for carbon dioxide. Such targets shall—
be designed to achieve a carbon emissions level in the United States at the end of calendar year 2050 of 20 percent of the level of carbon emissions in the United States in calendar year 2005, and
shall take effect beginning with the first calendar year beginning after 5 years after the date of enactment of this section.
Emissions reporting
Not later than January 31 of any calendar year, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall submit a report to the Secretary and Congress of the total carbon emissions for the preceding calendar year.
Substance taxed only once
No tax shall be imposed by subsection (a) with respect to a taxable carbon substance if the person who would be liable for such tax establishes that a prior tax imposed by such section has been imposed with respect to such product.
Refunds or credits
Sequestered carbon
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if a person uses a taxable carbon substance as a feedstock so that the carbon associated with such substance will not be emitted, then an amount equal to the amount of tax in effect under section 4691(b) with respect to such substance for the calendar year in which such use begins shall be allowed as a credit or refund (without interest) to such person in the same manner as if it were an overpayment of tax imposed by section 4691.
Offset projects
In general
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall conduct a study and submit a report to the Congress of qualified offset projects.
Qualified offset project
For purposes of paragraph (1), the term qualified offset project means a project carried out in the United States that—
reduces greenhouse gas emissions,
sequesters a greenhouse gas, or
destroys hydrofluorocarbons.
Exception
Such term does not include a project that involves enhanced oil recovery.
Previously taxed carbon substances used To make another taxable carbon substance
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if—
a tax under section 4691 was paid with respect to any taxable carbon substance, and
such substance was used by any person in the manufacture or production of any other substance which is a taxable carbon substance,
Exemption for exports
Tax-free sales
In general
No tax shall be imposed under subsection (a) on the sale by the manufacturer or producer of any taxable carbon substance for export or for resale by the purchaser to a second purchaser for export.
Proof of export required
Rules similar to the rules of section 4221(b) shall apply for purposes of subparagraph (A).
Credit or refund where tax paid
In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), if—
tax under subsection (a) was paid with respect to any taxable carbon substance, and
such substance was exported by any person, or
such substance was used as a material in the manufacture or production of a taxable carbon substance which was exported by any person and which, at the time of export, was a taxable carbon substance,
Condition to allowance
No credit or refund shall be allowed or made under subparagraph (A) unless the person who paid the tax establishes that he—
has repaid or agreed to repay the amount of the tax to the person who exported the taxable carbon substance, or
has obtained the written consent of such exporter to the allowance of the credit or the making of the refund.
Refunds directly to exporter
The Secretary shall provide, in regulations, the circumstances under which a credit or refund (without interest) of the tax under subsection (a) shall be allowed or made to the person who exported the taxable carbon substance, where—
the person who paid the tax waives his claim to the amount of such credit or refund, and
the person exporting the taxable carbon substance provides such information as the Secretary may require in such regulations.
Regulations
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
Border adjustments
Imports
The Secretary shall impose a carbon equivalency fee on imports of carbon-intensive goods that shall be equivalent to the cost that domestic producers of comparable carbon-intensive goods incur as a result of—
taxes paid by manufacturers, producers, and importers of taxable carbon substances under this Act, and
carbon equivalency fees paid by importers of carbon intensive goods used in the production of the comparable carbon intensive goods in question.
Exports
Notwithstanding the limitations of section 4692(d), the Secretary shall allow as a credit or refund (without interest) to the exporter of a carbon-intensive good produced in the United States in the same manner as if it were an overpayment of tax imposed by section 4691 an amount equivalent to the cost that domestic producers of such carbon intensive goods incur as a result of—
taxes paid by manufacturers, producers, and importers of taxable carbon substances under this Act, and
carbon equivalency fees paid by importers of carbon intensive goods used in the production of the comparable carbon intensive goods in question.
Expiration
This section shall cease to have effect at such time as and to the extent that—
an international agreement requiring countries that emit greenhouse gases and produce carbon intensive goods for international markets to adopt equivalent measures comes into effect, or
the country of export has implemented equivalent measures, and
the actions provided for by subsections (a) and (b) are no longer appropriate.
Definitions and special rules
Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter—
Taxable carbon substance
The term taxable carbon substance means—
coal (including lignite and peat),
petroleum and any petroleum product (as defined in section 4612(a)(3)), and
natural gas,
United States
The term United States has the meaning given such term by section 4612(a)(4).
Importer
The term importer means the person entering the taxable carbon substance for consumption, use, or warehousing.
Ton
The term ton means 2,000 pounds. In the case of any taxable carbon substance which is a gas, the term ton means the amount of such gas in cubic feet which is the equivalent of 2,000 pounds on a molecular weight basis.
Carbon-intensive good
The term carbon-intensive good means a good that (as identified by the Secretary by rule)—
is a primary product, or
is a manufactured item in which one or more primary products are inputs and the cost of production of which in the United States is significantly increased by this subchapter.
Primary product
The term primary product means—
iron, steel, steel mill products (including pipe and tube), aluminum, cement, glass (including flat, container, and specialty glass and fiberglass), pulp, paper, chemicals, or industrial ceramics, and
any other manufactured product that the Secretary determines—
is sold for purposes of further manufacture, and
generates, in the course of the manufacture of the product, direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions that are comparable (on an emissions-per-dollar of output basis) to emissions generated in the manufacture or production of primary products identified in subparagraph (A).
Equivalent measure
The term equivalent measure means a tax or other regulatory requirement that imposes a cost on manufacturers of carbon intensive goods located outside the United States approximately equal to the cost imposed by section 4691 on manufacturers of comparable carbon intensive goods located in the United States.
Use treated as sale
If any person manufactures, produces, or imports any taxable carbon substance and uses such substance, then such person shall be liable for tax under section 4691 in the same manner as if such substance were sold by such person.
Special rules for inventory exchanges
In general
Except as provided in this paragraph, in any case in which a manufacturer, producer, or importer of a taxable carbon substance exchanges such substance as part of an inventory exchange with another person—
such exchange shall not be treated as a sale, and
such other person shall, for purposes of section 4691, be treated as the manufacturer, producer, or importer of such substance.
Registration requirement
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any inventory exchange unless—
both parties are registered with the Secretary as manufacturers, producers, or importers of taxable carbon substances, and
the person receiving the taxable carbon substance has, at such time as the Secretary may prescribe, notified the manufacturer, producer, or importer of such person’s registration number and the internal revenue district in which such person is registered.
Inventory exchange
For purposes of this subsection, the term inventory exchange means any exchange in which 2 persons exchange property which is, in the hands of each person, property described in section 1221(a)(1).
.
Establishment of America’s Energy Security Trust Fund
Subchapter A of chapter 98 of such Code (relating to trust fund code) is amended by adding at the end the following:
America’s Energy Security Trust Fund
Creation of Trust Fund
There is established in the Treasury of the United
States a trust fund to be known as America’s Energy Security Trust
Fund
(referred to in this section as the Trust Fund
),
consisting of such amounts as may be appropriated or credited to the Trust Fund
as provided in this section or section 9602(b).
Transfers to Trust Fund
There is hereby appropriated to the Trust Fund an amount equivalent to the increase in revenues received in the Treasury as the result of the tax imposed under section 4691.
Distribution of amounts in Trust Fund
Amounts in the Trust Fund equivalent to the taxes received in the Treasury under section 4691 for a calendar year shall be available without further appropriation, as follows:
First, the lesser of 1/6 of such amount or $10,000,000,000 shall be available for a tax credit for research, development, or investment into clean energy technology.
Second, the affected industry transition assistance amount shall be available for transition assistance to industries negatively affected by the America’s Energy Security Trust Fund Act of 2009, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury in consultation with the Secretary of Labor.
Third, the amount remaining after the application of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be available for payroll tax relief under rebate paid under section 36B.
Affected industry transition assistance amount
For purposes of subsection (c)(2), the affected industry transition assistance amount is the amount determined as follows:
For calendar year 2009, 1/12 of the amount in the Trust Fund equivalent to the taxes received in the Treasury under section 4691 for calendar year 2009, determined after the application of subsection (c)(1).
For calendar year 2010, 9/10 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2011, 4/5 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2012, 7/10 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2013, 3/5 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2014, ½ of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2015, 2/5 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2016, 3/10 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2017, 1/5 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar year 2018, 1/10 of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for calendar year 2009.
For calendar years after 2018, zero.
.
Clerical amendments
The table of subchapters for chapter 38 of such Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new item:
Subchapter E—Tax on carbon dioxide content of certain substances
.
The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 98 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following:
Sec. 9511. America’s Energy Security Trust Fund.
.
Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
Carbon tax rebate of payroll tax
In general
Subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to refundable credits) is amended by inserting after section 36A the following new section:
Carbon tax rebate of payroll tax
In general
In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this subtitle for the taxable year an amount equal to the carbon tax rebate.
Carbon tax rebate
In general
For purposes of this section, the term carbon tax rebate means with respect to a taxable year the individual’s share of the amount determined by the Secretary on a per capita basis to be the amount available under section 9511(c)(3) for the calendar year in which or with which the taxable year begins.
Determination based on estimates
The determination under paragraph (1) shall be made on the basis of estimates by the Secretary, and proper adjustments shall be made in amounts available under section 9511(c)(3) for the succeeding taxable year to the extent prior estimates were in excess of or less than the amounts actually available under such section for the prior taxable year.
Limitation based on payroll taxes paid and Social Security benefits
In general
The amount allowed as a credit under subsection (a) with respect to any individual for a taxable year shall not exceed the greater of—
the total amount of taxes paid with respect to such individual for such taxable year under section 1401 and chapters 21 and 22, determined after taking into account any refund under section 31(b) and 6413(c), or
10 percent of the aggregate amount of social security benefits (within the meaning of section 86(d)) received by such individual for the taxable year.
Special rule for Social Security benefits received for less than 12 months
For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), if Social Security benefits (as so defined) were not received for each month in the taxable year, such benefits shall be annualized by multiplying the Social Security benefits received by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in such taxable year for which such benefits were received.
Denial of credit to dependents
No credit shall be allowed under subsection (a) to an individual for such individual’s taxable year if a deduction under section 151 with respect to such individual is allowed to another taxpayer for a taxable year beginning in the calendar year in which such individual’s taxable year begins.
.
Conforming amendments
Paragraph (2) of
section 1324(b) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting
36B,
after 36A,
.
The table of sections for subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 36A the following new item:
Sec. 36B. Carbon tax rebate of payroll tax.
.
Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.
Study of taxation of non-carbon greenhouse gases
In general
The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study of the best methods to assess and collect tax on non-carbon greenhouse gases similar to the tax imposed by section 4691 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this Act).
Report
Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the Congress the findings of the report required under subsection (a) together with such legislative recommendations as the Secretary determine appropriate for the assessment and collection of such tax.
Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that the United States should work proactively under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and in other appropriate fora to establish binding agreements committing all major greenhouse gas emitting nations and countries with globally competitive producers of carbon intensive goods to contribute equitably to the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions.
