II
113th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 2100
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 10, 2014
Ms. Collins (for herself and Mr. Durbin) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
A BILL
To promote the use of clean cookstoves and fuels to save lives, improve livelihoods, empower women, and protect the environment by creating a thriving global market for clean and efficient household cooking solutions.
Short title
This Act may be cited as
the
Clean Cookstoves and Fuels Support Act
.
Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
Nearly half the world’s population cooks their food over open fires or inefficient, polluting, and unsafe cookstoves using wood, agricultural waste, dung, coal, or other solid fuels. Smoke from the use of these traditional cookstoves and open fires is associated with a number of chronic and acute diseases and injuries, including respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, heart disease, and cancer, with women and young children affected disproportionately.
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 doubled the mortality estimates for exposure to smoke from cookstoves, referred to as household air pollution, from 2,000,000 to 4,000,000 deaths annually in the developing world, which the Study indicates is more than the deaths from malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS combined. The Study attributes 3,500,000 deaths to cookstoves smoke exposures indoors and 500,000 deaths to the contribution of cookstoves to outdoor air pollution. Millions more are sickened from the toxic smoke and thousands suffer burns annually from open fires or unsafe cookstoves and fuels. The Study ranks household air pollution as the fourth worst overall health risk factor in the world and as the second worst health risk factor in the world for women and girls. Cookstove smoke exposures are particularly prominent in developing regions of Asia and Africa.
The amount of biomass cooking fuel required each year can reach up to two tons per family. Where demand for local biomass outstrips the natural regrowth of resources, local environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity often result.
Tremendous amounts of time, a burden shouldered disproportionately by women and children, is spent collecting and managing biomass cooking fuel resources. As nearby fuel supplies dwindle, women are forced to go farther to find fuel to cook their families’ meals. In some regions, women and girls risk rape and gender-based violence during the up to 20 hours per week they spend away from their communities gathering firewood.
Recent studies show that black carbon created from biomass cookstoves significantly contributes to regional air pollution and climate change. Black carbon emissions from residential cookstoves in developing countries account for an estimated 21 percent of total global inventory, and mitigation in this sector represents a large potential public health benefit.
The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves is an innovative public-private partnership hosted by the United Nations Foundation that was created to enable the adoption of clean and efficient stoves in 100,000,000 homes by 2020. The Alliance works with public, private, and non-profit partners to overcome market barriers that currently impede the production, deployment, and use of clean cookstoves and fuels in the developing world.
The United States Government has committed a total of up to $125,000,000 to the sector, including approximately $60,000,000 in research, $15,000,000 in field implementation activities, and up to $50,000,000 in financing, through the first five years of the Alliance to help spur the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels in 100,000,000 households by 2020 as follows:
The Department of State has committed $1,020,000 through fiscal year 2015 and the United States Agency for International Development has committed $18,400,000 through fiscal year 2015.
The Department of Energy has committed $13,200,000 through fiscal year 2016.
The Department of Health and Human Services has committed $31,690,000 through the National Institutes of Health through fiscal year 2016 and $3,900,000 through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through fiscal year 2015.
The Environmental Protection Agency has committed $9,670,000 through fiscal year 2015.
The National Science Foundation has committed $1,270,000 through fiscal year 2015.
The Overseas Private Investment Corporation has committed up to $50,000,000 through fiscal year 2016 in debt financing or insurance that meet their credit and lending standards to support projects that provide clean, consistent, and affordable access to energy and energy savings through the manufacture, sale, and purchase of cookstoves.
This commitment targets a wide range of work, including expanded research on cookstoves performance, marketing, and adoption; expanded research on the health, climate and air quality benefits of clean cookstoves; and expanded field efforts in Kenya, Haiti, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.
Additional Federal support is being provided to the Alliance, including by the Department of Agriculture, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Peace Corps.
The Millennium Challenge Corporation, in 2010, prior to the launch of the Alliance, committed the largest stoves-related investment to date in Mongolia. The commitment of $45,300,000 focused on economic growth from energy efficiency and improved air quality.
Advancement of Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves goal
The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, and in coordination with relevant international nongovernmental organizations and private and governmental entities, shall work to advance the goals and work of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, including through—
applied research and development to improve design, lower costs, promote technology adoption, conduct health research and evaluation, and develop global industry standards and testing protocols for cookstoves and fuels in order to help ensure minimum standards for efficiency and cleanliness are met;
diplomatic engagement to encourage a commercial market for clean cookstoves and fuels, reduce trade barriers, promote consumer awareness, improve access to large-scale carbon financing, and foster women-owned businesses along the entire business value chain;
international development projects to help build commercial businesses to manufacture, market, distribute, sell, and service clean cookstoves and fuels;
development efforts related to refugee camps, disaster relief, and long-term humanitarian and empowerment programs aimed at assisting women and girls; and
financing or insurance to support projects that provide access to clean, affordable energy and energy savings through the manufacture, sale, and purchase of clean cookstoves and fuels.
Authorizations of appropriations
Department of State and United States Agency for International Development
There are authorized to be appropriated out of funds available to the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves and foreign governments , including—
to engage in a wide range of diplomatic activities, including with countries across the globe and with United States embassies abroad, to support Alliance activities and the clean cookstoves and fuels sector, and to continue the clean cooking initiative under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants;
to advance programs that support the adoption of affordable cookstoves that require less fuel to meet household energy needs and release fewer pollutants, as a means to improve health, reduce environmental degradation, mitigate climate change, foster economic growth, and empower women; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
Department of Energy
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy out of funds available to the Department of Energy such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2016 to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to conduct research to spur development of low-cost, low-emission, high-efficiency cookstoves through research in areas such as combustion, heat transfer, and materials development;
to conduct research to spur development of low-emission, high-efficiency biomass fuels;
to support innovative small businesses in the United States that are developing advanced cookstoves and improved cookstove assessment devices; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
National Institutes of Health
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services out of funds available to the National Institutes of Health such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2016 for the National Institutes of Health to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to support health research and training to improve the health and lives of those at risk from household burning of solid fuels, including—
dedicated resources for research on household air pollution to ensure adoption of life-saving interventions and policy formulation; and
regional network research and training hubs in global environmental health and occupational health with a household air pollution focus; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services out of funds available to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to evaluate cookstove and fuel programs to better understand their public health benefits and key determinants of adoption;
to promote a better understanding of the relationship between human exposures and health outcomes from the use of traditional cookstoves and open fires; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
Environmental Protection Agency
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency out of funds available to the Environmental Protection Agency such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 for the Environmental Protection Agency to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to conduct cookstove and fuel testing and evaluation in the lab and field, including evaluation of fuel efficiency and air pollutant emissions that affect human health and the environment, and to develop international standards regarding fuel use, emissions, and safety of cookstoves and fuels;
to conduct climate, health, and air quality research, including with United States institutions of higher education, on the air quality and climatic benefits of interventions for cookstoves and residential burning, and to continue the cookstoves initiative under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
National Science Foundation
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the National Science Foundation out of funds available to the National Science Foundation such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 for the National Science Foundation to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to support research related to the climate, air quality, and health benefits of the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
Department of Agriculture
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture out of funds available to the Department of Agriculture such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 for the Department of Agriculture to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to provide technical expertise on policy questions facing the cookstoves sector and to help align the Alliance with ongoing international efforts that promote the sustainable production and use of clean burning biomass cooking fuels, to optimize natural resource conservation and agricultural productivity; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) out of funds available to NOAA such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 for NOAA to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to partner with scientists in other countries to monitor global black carbon emissions and assess climate impacts and benefits of switching to clean cookstoves; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
Peace Corps
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director of the Peace Corps out of funds available to the Peace Corps such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2014 through 2015 for the Peace Corps to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , including—
to train community members to select, construct, and maintain clean cookstoves and fuels, provide ongoing support to sustain their use, and help families, schools, and others access grants to lower the cost; and
to carry out other activities under this Act.
Future years funding
It is the sense of Congress that the departments and agencies referenced in this section should be provided sufficient funding in future fiscal years to fund commitments related to work with the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves.
