2017 has been the deadliest year for mass shootings in U.S. history. At least 112 people have been killed so far this year in mass shootings, such as the tragedies at a country music concert in Las Vegas and outside a church in Sutherland Springs, Texas.
Amid progressives’ calls for stricter gun control, Congress has gone in the opposite direction, as the first gun-related bill to pass in a chamber of Congress since those massacres was the Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act.
What the bill does
The Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act would allow any person with a concealed carry permit from one state to carry their weapon in any other state. It would also allow anybody with a concealed carry permit to do so on any federal land, such as national parks or national monuments.
(Technically the bill only allows the reciprocity for “other states that recognize their own resident’s right to concealed carry.” But all 50 states allow at least some form of it, even as some of the most left-leaning states have particularly restrictive variations on the practice.)
The legislation was introduced in the House in January as H.R. 38 by Rep. Richard Hudson (R-NC8), and in the Senate in February as S. 446 by Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX).
What supporters say
Supporters say the legislation ensures that a constitutionally-guaranteed right is held constant throughout the nation. They contend this is no different than how a driver’s license or a marriage is honored in all 50 states.
“Our Second Amendment right doesn’t disappear when we cross state lines, and this legislation guarantees that,” Hudson said in a press release. The bill “is a common sense solution to a problem too many Americans face. It will provide law-abiding citizens the right to conceal carry and travel freely between states without worrying about conflicting state codes or onerous civil suits.”
What opponents say
Of course, most Democrats voted against the bill because it generally expands gun rights. But 14 House Republicans voted against the bill too — not because they advocate gun control, but rather because they disagree with the legal mechanism the legislation uses to expand gun rights.
The bill “uses the Commerce Clause, a constitutional provision both parties abuse when trying to increase the size and scope of the federal government, to expand federal authority over concealed carry permits. The Second Amendment, not the Commerce Clause, secures our right to keep and bear arms,” the House Liberty Caucus wrote in a letter opposing the bill.
“H.R. 38 expands federal power over a right that ‘shall not be infringed,’” the letter continued, “and, by using the Commerce Clause, it sets a dangerous precedent that future Congresses may use to expand regulations on firearms.”
Votes and odds of passage
The legislation passed the House on December 6 by a 231–198 vote. Six Democrats voted in favor, while 14 Republicans voted against. It had first attracted 213 cosponsors: 210 Republicans and three Democrats.
It now goes to the Senate, although they do not plan to take up the bill until spring 2018. The version introduced in the Senate has attracted 39 of the 52 Senate Republicans as cosponsors, although one does not need to cosponsor legislation in order to ultimately vote for it.
A 2013 Senate vote on the measure received more ‘aye’ than ‘nay’ votes, by a 57–43 margin, but needed 60 votes to pass. 13 Senate Democrats voted in favor at the time, and seven of them are still in office.
However, _McClatchy _confirmed through interviews that most of those Senate Democrats who once voted in favor are now opposed, due to a combination of escalating mass shootings and a greater consensus within the Democratic Party over the past few years. That near-lack of bipartisan support would make it significantly more difficult for the measure to overcome a possible Senate filibuster.
The summary below was written by the Congressional Research Service, which is a nonpartisan division of the Library of Congress, and was published on Dec 6, 2017.
Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017
TITLE I--CONCEALED CARRY RECIPROCITY ACT OF 2017
(Sec. 101) This bill amends the federal criminal code to allow a qualified individual to carry a concealed handgun into or possess a concealed handgun in another state that allows individuals to carry concealed firearms.
A qualified individual must: (1) be eligible to possess, transport, or receive a firearm under federal law; (2) carry a valid photo identification document; and (3) carry a valid concealed carry permit issued by any state or be eligible to carry a concealed firearm in his or her state of residence.
Additionally, the bill specifies that a qualified individual who lawfully carries or possesses a concealed handgun in another state: (1) is not subject to the federal prohibition on possessing a firearm in a school zone, and (2) may carry or possess the concealed handgun in federally owned lands that are open to the public.
(Sec. 102) This bill does not prohibit a law enforcement officer with reasonable suspicion of a violation of any law from conducting a brief investigative stop in accordance with the U.S. Constitution.
(Sec. 103) It specifies that certain retired and off-duty law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry concealed firearms are not subject to the federal prohibitions on possessing or discharging a firearm in a school zone.
(Sec. 104) It permits a federal judge to carry a concealed firearm in any state if the judge is not prohibited from receiving a firearm under federal law.
TITLE II--FIX NICS ACT
Fix NICS Act of 2017
(Sec. 202) This bill amends the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act to require each federal agency and department, including a federal court, to:
certify whether it has provided to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) disqualifying records of persons prohibited from receiving or possessing a firearm, and establish and substantially comply with an implementation plan to maximize record submissions and verify their accuracy. (Sec. 203) The bill amends the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 to modify the NICS Act Record Improvement Program (NARIP). Specifically, it:
establishes a domestic abuse and violence prevention initiative as a priority area for NARIP grant funding, and creates a funding preference for states that establish an implementation plan and use grant funds to upload felony conviction and domestic violence records. (Sec. 204) It amends the Crime Identification Technology Act of 1998 to modify the National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP). Specifically, it:
specifies that facilitating full participation in the NICS, as an allowable use of NCHIP grant funds, includes increasing efforts to pre-validate felony conviction and domestic violence records to expedite eligibility determinations; and permits the federal share of a grant to exceed 90% of program costs if a state complies with its implementation plan. (Sec. 205) This section amends the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 to:
direct the Department of Justice (DOJ), in coordination with each state or tribal government, to establish an implementation plan, including benchmarks, to maximize the automation and submission of mental health and criminal history records to the NICS; require DOJ to conduct, and publish the results of, compliance determinations for state and tribal governments; give preference to certain discretionary grant applicants that substantially comply with an implementation plan; and require the NICS to notify law enforcement agencies when a firearm is transferred to a person who is subsequently determined to be prohibited from receiving or possessing a firearm. (Sec. 206) DOJ's Bureau of Justice Assistance must report to Congress on the use of bump stocks in the commission of crimes, including the number of instances and the types of firearms.
(Sec. 207) The bill authorizes appropriations for FY2018-FY2022 to carry out activities under this title.
