I
118th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 1081
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
February 17, 2023
Mr. Gallagher (for himself and Mr. Krishnamoorthi) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs
A BILL
To protect Americans from the threat posed by certain foreign adversaries using current or potential future social media companies that those foreign adversaries control to surveil Americans, gather sensitive data about Americans, or spread influence campaigns, propaganda, and censorship.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the Averting the National Threat of Internet Surveillance, Oppressive Censorship and Influence, and Algorithmic Learning by the Chinese Communist Party Act
or the ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act
.
Protecting Americans from social media companies controlled by countries of concern
Prohibited commercial transactions
In general
On and after the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall exercise all the powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a social media company described in subsection (b) if such property and interests in property—
are in the United States or come within the United States; or
to the extent necessary to prevent commercial operation of the social media company in the United States, are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
Inapplicability of certain provisions
The requirements of section 202 and the limitations under section 203(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and 1702(b)) shall not apply for purposes of this section.
Social media company described
In general
A social media company described in this subsection is a social media company that meets one or more of the following conditions:
The company is domiciled in, has its principal place of business in, has its headquarters in, or is organized under the laws of a country of concern.
A country of concern, entity of concern, or some combination thereof, directly or indirectly owns, controls with the ability to decide important matters, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting stock or shares of the company.
The company employs software or algorithms controlled or whose export is restricted by a country of concern or entity of concern.
The company is subject to substantial influence, directly or indirectly, from a country of concern or entity of concern owing to which—
the company shares or could be compelled to share data on United States citizens with a country of concern or entity of concern; or
the content moderation practices of the company are subject to substantial influence from a country of concern or entity of concern.
Deemed companies
The following companies shall be deemed to be social media companies described in this subsection as of the date of the enactment of this Act unless and until the date on which the President certifies to Congress that the company no longer meets any of the conditions described in paragraph (1):
Bytedance, Ltd.
TikTok.
A subsidiary of or a successor company to a company listed in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
A company owned or controlled directly or indirectly by a company listed in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
Exceptions
Intelligence activities
Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
Importation of goods
In general
The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions authorized under this section shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
Good defined
In this paragraph, the term good means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
Implementation; penalties
Implementation
The President may exercise the authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to the extent necessary to carry out this section.
Penalties
A person that violates, attempts to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (a) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of the section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
Severability
If any provision of this section or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this section that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this section are severable.
Definitions
In this section:
Country of concern
The term country of concern—
has the meaning given the term foreign adversary in section 8(c)(2) of the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019 (47 U.S.C. 1607(c)(2)); and
includes the People’s Republic of China (including the Special Administrative Regions of China, including Hong Kong and Macau), Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela.
Entity of concern
The term entity of concern means—
a governmental body at any level in a country of concern;
the armed forces of a country of concern;
the leading political party of a country of concern;
a natural person who is a national of a country of concern, is domiciled and living in such country, and is subject to substantial influence, directly or indirectly, from an entity described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); or
a private business or a state-owned enterprise that is domiciled in a country of concern, or owned or controlled by a private business or state-owned enterprise domiciled in a country of concern, and that is subject to substantial influence, directly or indirectly, from an entity described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
Social media company
The term social media company—
means any entity that operates, directly or indirectly, including through its parent company, subsidiaries, or affiliates, a website, desktop application, or mobile application that—
permits an individual or entity to create an account or profile for the purpose of generating, sharing, and viewing user-generated content through such account or profile;
sells digital advertising space;
has more than 1,000,000 monthly active users for a majority of months during the preceding 12 months;
enables one or more users to generate content that can be viewed by other users of the website, desktop application, or mobile application; and
enables users to view content generated by other users of the website, desktop application, or mobile application; and
does not include an entity if the entity does not operate a website, desktop application, or mobile application except for a website, desktop application, or mobile application the primary purpose of which is—
to allow users to post product reviews, business reviews, or travel information and reviews; or
to provide emergency alert services.
