I
118th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 1111
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
February 21, 2023
Ms. Lee of California (for herself, Ms. Barragán, Mr. Bowman, Mr. Cárdenas, Ms. Chu, Ms. Clarke of New York, Mr. Davis of Illinois, Mr. DeSaulnier, Mr. Grijalva, Ms. Kelly of Illinois, Ms. Jackson Lee, Ms. Jacobs, Ms. Jayapal, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, Mr. McGovern, Ms. Moore of Wisconsin, Mr. Nadler, Ms. Norton, Ms. Omar, Mr. Payne, Ms. Pressley, Mr. Raskin, Ms. Schakowsky, Mr. Swalwell, Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, Ms. Tlaib, Ms. Velázquez, and Mrs. Watson Coleman) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Accountability
A BILL
To establish a Department of Peacebuilding, and for other purposes.
Short title; table of contents
Short title
This Act may be cited as the Department of Peacebuilding Act of 2023
.
Table of contents
The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
Title I—Establishment of Department of Peacebuilding
Sec. 101. Establishment of Department of Peacebuilding.
Sec. 102. Responsibilities and powers.
Sec. 103. Principal officers.
Sec. 104. Office of Peace Education and Training.
Sec. 105. Office of Domestic Peacebuilding Activities.
Sec. 106. Office of International Peacebuilding Activities.
Sec. 107. Office of Technology for Peace.
Sec. 108. Office of Arms Control and Disarmament.
Sec. 109. Office of Peacebuilding Information and Research.
Sec. 110. Office of Human Rights and Economic Rights.
Sec. 111. Intergovernmental Advisory Council on Peace.
Sec. 112. Federal Interagency Committee on Peace.
Sec. 113. Staff.
Sec. 114. Consultation required.
Sec. 115. Collaboration.
Title II—Other Matters
Sec. 201. Legislative recommendations of the Secretary.
Sec. 202. Peace Days.
Sec. 203. Definitions.
Sec. 204. Authorization of appropriations.
Findings
Congress finds the following:
On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress unanimously declared the independence of the 13 colonies, and the achievement of peace was recognized as one of the highest duties of the new organization of free and independent States by declaring, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
.
The Constitution of the United States, in its preamble, further sets forth the insurance of the cause of peace in stating, We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity
.
The United States has been at peace for only 21 entire years since its birth during the Revolutionary War. During the course of the 20th century, more than 100,000,000 people perished in wars. Thus far in the 21st century, nearly 1,000,000 people have died in conflict and war. Many of our citizens today have never known a peaceful year in their lifetimes. In 2022, over 88 million people were forcibly displaced due to violence in its many forms.
Since late 2001, the United States appropriated and was obligated to spend an estimated $6.4 trillion through Fiscal Year 2020 in budgetary costs related to and caused by post 9/11 wars and an additional minimum of $1 trillion to care for veterans of these wars for several decades.
The physical, emotional, monetary, and other costs of violence are enormous, cut across all sectors of society in the United States, disproportionately impact people of color, and are interrelated. A World Health Organization report estimates that interpersonal violence within the United States costs approximately $300 billion annually, not including war-related costs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports one in four children experience some form of child abuse or neglect in their lifetimes; nearly one in four women report having experienced severe physical violence from an intimate partner; Native American women are sexually assaulted, murdered and disappeared at higher rates than other American women. There are 3.3 million reports of violence against children that result in foster care placements every year; 25 percent of kids in foster care experience PTSD, fewer than 3 percent earn a college degree; 20 percent become homeless after the age of 18; and only 50 percent will be employed by the age of 24. One in five high school students reported being bullied at school during 2017 and cyberbullying impacts many young people. Criminalization disproportionately impacts African Americans and other people of color, including high rates of school suspensions and expulsions and incarceration. African Americans are incarcerated at more than five times the rate of Whites. Suicide impacts young people in both affluent and non-affluent communities. In 2015, 17 percent of students considered attempting suicide. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among American Indian and Alaska Natives aged 10 to 34. Approximately 20 veterans a day commit suicide nationwide. About 14 young people die from homicides each day. Research shows victims of one form of violence are more likely to experience other forms of violence. A past history of violence, including domestic violence; use of alcohol or illegal drugs; being young and male; or a personal history of physical or sexual abuse or trauma, increases the risk of more violence, obesity, high-risk sexual behavior, depression, academic difficulties, school dropout and suicide.
More people have died from guns in the United States since 1968 than on battlefields of all the wars in United States history. Every year 250,000 people are killed by gun violence around the world, a third of those in Brazil and the United States. Firearms are the second leading cause of death for American children and teens and the first leading cause of death for Black children and teens. Every day 47 children and teens in the United States are shot and 96 Americans are killed by gun violence. During 2017 and 2018, there was one mass shooting almost every day in the United States. Young people go to school wondering where to hide when a shooter enters their classroom. Each gun injury and fatality results in trauma to family members and loved ones.
According to reports by the Institute of Economics and Peace (in this Act referred to as IEP
), which measures the economic impact of violence and conflict to the global economy, the economic impact of violence to the global economy was $16.5 trillion in 2021. One IEP report found that the regional impact of violence in North America, 99 percent of which can be attributed to the United States, amounted to $2.73 trillion in 2017. If violence containment spending was reduced by 15 percent, the world would save $1.4 trillion, which would be the funding required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals of halving extreme poverty rates, ensuring healthy lives for all, halting the spread of HIV and AIDS, providing universal primary education, decent jobs, gender equality, promoting peaceful, inclusive and just societies, and more. Three percent of United States military spending could end starvation on earth.
Peace is a human right and a security issue. Peace is the essential prerequisite for the survival of humanity as we know it in the 21st century. The United Nations defines human rights as those rights which are inherent to our nature, and without which we cannot live as human beings.
Violence prevention is cost effective. For every dollar spent on violence prevention and peacebuilding, thousands of lives and dollars are saved. Research indicates that investing early to prevent conflicts from escalating into violent crises is, on average, 60 times more cost effective than intervening after violence erupts. The philosophy and techniques of nonviolence and the science of peacebuilding provide tools and techniques that can be applied not only at the levels of individual and community growth, but also within the Federal Government and at national and international levels.
The United Nations recognizes that promotion of peace is vital for the full enjoyment of all human rights and the United Nations Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace mandates that preservation of the right to peace is a fundamental obligation of each country. In 1999, the United Nations adopted a Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace, stating that a culture of peace is an integral approach to preventing violence and violent conflicts, an alternative to the culture of war and violence, and is based on education for peace, the promotion of sustainable economic and social development, respect for human rights, equality between women and men, democratic participation, tolerance, the free flow of information, and disarmament. The United Nations declared the years 2001 through 2010 an International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, and the United Nations supports a culture of peace. In 2015, the United Nations adopted 17 sustainable development goals, including promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies which recognize the link between justice, human rights, and government based on the rule of law and peace.
Peacebuilding is defined by the United Nations as a range of measures targeted to reduce the risk of lapsing or relapsing into conflict by strengthening national capacities at all levels for conflict management and to lay the foundations for sustainable peace and development. Peacebuilding is built upon research into the root causes of violence in the United States and the world, through promotion and promulgation of effective policies and programs that ameliorate those root causes of violence, and through providing all citizens, organizations, and governmental bodies with opportunities to learn about and practice the essential tools of nonviolent conflict resolution and peacebuilding.
In 2000, the Earth Charter Commission released the Earth Charter, an international declaration of fundamental values and principles created to build a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society. The preamble of the Earth Charter provides, To move forward we must recognize that in the midst of a magnificent diversity of cultures and life forms we are one human family and one Earth community with a common destiny. We must join together to bring forth a sustainable global society founded on respect for nature, universal human rights, economic justice, and a culture of peace.
. Peacebuilding is working together with all nations to protect both life and land and hold the Earth in balance.
Anthropomorphic climate change threatens not only the earth and all beings, but also impacts the present lives of our children and robs them of hope for a safe future. A 2021 Lancet global health study of 10,000 youth found 59 percent are very
or extremely concerned
about climate change and its impact on their mental health.
Nuclear weapons expose the world to harm on a vast scale. It has long been held that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. Yet, over the next 30 years, the United States plans to spend some $1.7 trillion to replace its entire nuclear weapons infrastructure and upgrade replacement of its nuclear bombs and warheads and the bombers, missiles and submarines that deliver them.
Systemic racism is a significant driver of violence and key obstacle to peace in the United States. Confronting and uprooting systemic racism in America will require efforts by the Federal Government both to properly acknowledge, memorialize, and be a catalyst for progress toward permanently eliminating persistent racial inequities, including through a United States Commission on Truth, Racial Healing, and Transformation, and to develop material remedies for the institution of slavery, including through a United States Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans.
Establishment of Department of Peacebuilding
Establishment of Department of Peacebuilding
Establishment
There is hereby established a Department of Peacebuilding, which shall—
be within the executive branch of the Federal Government; and
be dedicated to peacebuilding, peacemaking, and the study and promotion of conditions conducive to both domestic and international peace and a culture of peace.
Secretary of peacebuilding
There shall be at the head of the Department a Secretary of Peacebuilding, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Mission
The Department shall—
cultivate peace and peacebuilding as a strategic national policy objective;
reduce and prevent violence in the United States and internationally through peacebuilding and effective nonviolent conflict resolution;
strengthen nonmilitary means of peacemaking;
take a proactive, strategic approach in the development of field-tested best practices and policies that promote national and international conflict prevention, nonviolent intervention, mediation, peaceful resolution of conflict, and structured mediation of conflict;
address matters both domestic and international in scope;
address the interconnection of all life and the intersectionality of peace and justice, equality, health, healing, national security, education, the economy, rule of law, democracy, planetary survival, and other aspects of civil rights, civil liberties, and human rights;
provide an institutional platform for the growing wealth of expertise in peacebuilding to dramatically reduce the national and global epidemic of violence;
support local communities in finding, funding, replicating, and expanding programs to reduce and prevent violence;
invest in nongovernmental organizations that have implemented successful initiatives to reduce and prevent violence, both internationally and domestically; and
consult with other Federal agencies to apply and practice the science of peacebuilding in their respective fields of responsibility.
Responsibilities and powers
In general
The Secretary shall, on an ongoing basis—
work proactively and interactively with each branch of the Federal Government on all policy matters relating to conditions of peace;
call on the experience and expertise of individuals and seek participation in the development of policy from private, public, and nongovernmental organizations;
monitor and analyze causative principles of conflict and make policy recommendations for developing conditions of peace and maintaining peaceful conduct;
research effective violence reduction programs and promote and promulgate such programs within the Federal Government and society; and
consult with private, public, and nongovernmental organizations to develop a metric model that provides the means to measure and report progress toward peace in the United States to the President, Congress, and the public, and issue reports on such progress annually with those reports to be available to the public on the website of the Department.
Domestic responsibilities
The Secretary shall collaborate with governmental and nongovernmental organizations and individuals to promote personal and community security and peace by—
developing new policies and supporting existing policies that effectively address personal and family violence, including suicide, domestic violence, spousal abuse, child abuse, and mistreatment of the elderly and others;
creating new policies and programs and expanding existing policies and programs that effectively reduce drug and alcohol abuse;
analyzing existing policies, employing successful, field-tested programs, and developing new approaches for dealing with the tools of violence, including handguns and assault weapons, especially among youth;
developing new and expanding effective programs that address and ameliorate societal challenges such as school violence, gangs, police violence, hate crimes, economic injustice, human trafficking, racial or ethnic violence, violence against LGBTQ+ individuals, and police-community relations disputes;
making policy recommendations to the Attorney General of the United States regarding civil rights and labor law;
assisting in the establishment and funding of community-based violence prevention programs, including virtual violence prevention programs for at-home participation, violence prevention counseling and peer mediation in schools and via video conferences, and unarmed civilian peacekeeping and crisis mitigation at a local level;
providing counseling and advocacy on behalf of individuals victimized by violence, including those with mental health challenges;
providing for public education programs and counseling strategies that promote acceptance and respect for the diversity of all individuals in the United States without regard to race, religion, creed, gender and gender identification, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity, national origin, class and economic status, and other perceived differences; and
supporting local community initiatives that draw on neighborhood resources to create peace projects that facilitate the development of conflict resolution and healing of societal wounds such as patriarchy, racism, war, manifest destiny, and economic injustice to thereby inform and inspire national policy.
International responsibilities
The Secretary shall—
advise the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State on matters relating to national security, including the protection of human rights and the prevention of, amelioration of, and de-escalation of unarmed and armed international conflict;
contribute to and participate in the development of training of all United States personnel who administer post-conflict reconstruction and demobilization in war-torn societies;
sponsor national and regional conflict-prevention and dispute-resolution initiatives, create special task forces, and draw on local, regional, and national expertise to develop plans and programs for addressing the root sources and issues of conflict in troubled areas;
develop violence prevention, amelioration and violence de-escalation training for the general public to provide tools and educate about peacebuilding skills and to promote sustainable peace, peacebuilding buy-in and peacebuilding awareness;
counsel and advocate on behalf of women victimized by violence, including rape, situations leading up to conflict, conflicts, and post-conflict situations;
counsel and advocate on behalf of victims of human trafficking both domestically and internationally and work to end the trafficking of human beings;
provide for exchanges between the United States and other nations that endeavor to develop domestic and international peace-based initiatives;
encourage the development of international sister city programs, pairing United States cities with cities around the world for artistic, cultural, economic, educational, and faith-based exchanges;
establish and administer a budget designated for the training and deployment of unarmed civilian peacekeepers to participate in multinational nonviolent peacekeeping forces that may be conducted by civilian, governmental, or multilateral organizations;
jointly with the Secretary of the Treasury, strengthen peace enforcement through hiring and training monitors and investigators to help with the enforcement of international arms embargoes;
in consultation with the Secretary of State, bring together all stakeholders who are impacted by a conflict by facilitating peace summits where such stakeholders may gather under carefully prepared conditions to promote nonviolent communication and mutually beneficial solutions and to prevent future violence;
submit to the President recommendations for reductions and elimination of weapons of mass destruction, and make annual reports to the President on the sale of arms from the United States to other nations, with an analysis of the impact of such sales on the defense of the United States, how such sales affect peace and security, and how reduction or cessation of such sales affect peace and security;
in consultation with the Secretary of State, develop strategies for sustainability and management of the distribution of international funds;
advise the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations on matters pertaining to the United Nations Security Council;
support the implementation of international peacebuilding strategies through a balanced use of peacebuilding, reconciliation, diplomacy, development, and defense with the goal of preventing and ending war and violence; and
encourage all nations to create infrastructures for peace within their nations and among nations.
Membership of the Secretary of Peacebuilding on the national security council
Section 101(c) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3021(c)) is amended by inserting the Secretary of Peacebuilding
after Treasury
.
Human security responsibilities
The Secretary shall address and offer nonviolent conflict resolution strategies and suggest resources for unarmed civilian peacekeepers to the appropriate relevant parties on issues of human security if such security is threatened by conflict or crisis, whether such conflict or crisis is geographic, religious, ethnic, gender-based, racial, or class-based in its origin, derives from economic concerns, health concerns or is initiated through disputes concerning scarcity of natural resources (such as water and energy resources), food, health resources (such as life-saving medicine, medical and protective equipment and supplies, including viral and bacterial infection testing supplies and vaccines), trade, or climate and environmental concerns.
Media-Related responsibilities
Respecting the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America and the requirement for free and independent media, the Secretary shall—
seek assistance in the design and implementation of nonviolent policies from media professionals;
study the role of the media in the escalation and de-escalation of conflict at domestic and international levels, including the role of fear-inducing and hate-inducing speech and actions, and making the findings of such study public; and
make recommendations to professional media organizations in order to provide opportunities to increase media awareness of peacebuilding initiatives.
Educational responsibilities
The Secretary shall—
consult with the United States Institute of Peace, the Department of Education, Indigenous communities, and other concerned individuals and organizations and develop a peace education curriculum that includes studies of—
the civil rights movement in the United States and throughout the world and human rights and liberties movements, with special emphasis on the role of nonviolence and how individual endeavor and involvement have contributed to advancements in peace and justice;
underlying causes of violence and conditions of peace;
practices that enhance peace and peacebuilding;
the contributions to the United States of its diverse ethnicities, races, and religious communities;
peace agreements and circumstances in which peaceful intervention has worked to stop conflict; and
the patriarchal structure of society and the inherent violence of such structure in the shaping of relationships and institutions;
in consultation with the Secretary of Education—
commission and participate in the development of such curriculum and make such curriculum available to local school districts to enable the use of peace education objectives at pre-kindergarten schools, elementary schools, and secondary schools in the United States;
support in early childhood, pre-kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and institutions of higher education a well-resourced, balanced education that includes math, environmental stewardship, science, English, history, ethnic studies, economics, justice, critical thinking, social studies, health, physical education, foreign languages, the arts, and music that will prepare students for success in a globally interconnected world; and
offer incentives in the form of grants and training to encourage the development of State peace curricula and assist schools in applying for such grants and training;
work with educators to equip students to become skilled in achieving peace through reflection, and facilitate instruction in the ways of peaceful conflict resolution;
ensure that schools are nonviolence zones that provide a peaceful educational environment;
create school and community cultures where students and staff do not feel threatened and are free from bullying and harassment by developing and implementing curricula in nonviolent conflict resolution education, mindfulness, and restorative practices for teachers, students, parents, the school community, and the community at large;
maintain a public website to solicit and receive ideas for the development of peace from the wealth of the politically, socially, and culturally diverse public;
proactively engage the critical thinking capabilities, including civic education on citizen duties to foster democratic principles, of students and teachers of pre-kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and institutions of higher education through the internet and other media and issue periodic reports concerning any submissions from such students and teachers;
establish a Peace Academy that shall—
be modeled after the military service academies; and
provide a 4-year course of instruction in peace education, after which graduates will be required to serve 5 years in public service in programs dedicated to domestic or international nonviolent conflict resolution; and
provide grants for peace studies departments in institutions of higher education throughout the United States.
Principal officers
Under secretary of peacebuilding
The President shall appoint an Under Secretary of Peacebuilding in the Department, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. During the absence or disability of the Secretary, or in the event of a vacancy in the office of the Secretary, the Under Secretary shall act as Secretary. The Secretary shall designate the order in which other officials of the Department shall act and perform the functions of the Secretary during the absence or disability of both the Secretary and Under Secretary or in the event of vacancies in both offices.
Additional positions
In general
The President shall appoint in the Department, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
an Assistant Secretary for Peace Education and Training;
an Assistant Secretary for Domestic Peacebuilding Activities;
an Assistant Secretary for International Peacebuilding Activities;
an Assistant Secretary for Technology for Peace;
an Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Disarmament;
an Assistant Secretary for Peacebuilding Information and Research;
an Assistant Secretary for Human and Economic Rights; and
a General Counsel.
Establishment of inspector general of the department of peacebuilding
Section 12 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended—
in paragraph (1), by inserting Peacebuilding,
after Homeland Security,
; and
in paragraph (2), by inserting Peacebuilding,
after Homeland Security,
.
Additional officers
The President shall appoint 4 additional officers in the Department, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The officers appointed under this paragraph shall perform such functions as the Secretary shall prescribe, including—
congressional relations functions;
public information functions, including providing, through the use of the latest technologies, useful information about peace and the work of the Department;
management and budget functions; and
planning, evaluation, and policy development functions, including development of policies to promote the efficient and coordinated administration of the Department and its programs and encourage improvements in conflict resolution and violence prevention.
Description of functions
In any case in which the President submits the name of an individual to the Senate for confirmation as an officer of the Department under this subsection, the President shall state the particular functions such individual will exercise upon taking office.
Authority of secretary
Each officer described in this section shall report directly to the Secretary and shall, in addition to any functions vested in or required to be delegated to such officer, perform such additional functions as the Secretary may prescribe.
Office of Peace Education and Training
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of Peace Education and Training, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for Peace Education and Training. The Assistant Secretary for Peace Education and Training shall carry out those functions of the Department relating to the creation, encouragement, and impact of peace education and training at the pre-kindergarten, elementary, secondary, university, and postgraduate levels, and disseminate applicable policies and research in consultation with entities of the Department of Health and Human Services, including—
the Administration for Children and Families;
the Administration on Aging;
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and
the National Institutes of Health.
Peace curriculum
The Assistant Secretary of Peace Education and Training, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, Indigenous communities, the United States Institute of Peace, nongovernmental organizations, public institutions, peace and conflict studies programs of institutions of higher education, and Federal agencies that provide effective peace training materials and curricula, shall create and support the development and dissemination of effective peace curricula and supporting materials for distribution to the State educational agency in each State and territory of the United States and any other interested institutions. Each peace curriculum shall include—
building communicative peace skills and nonviolent conflict resolution skills;
teaching and fostering compassion, empathy, mindfulness, kindness, acceptance, understanding, respect, inclusion, and forgiveness;
teaching about historical and contemporary events utilizing nonviolent and peacebuilding principles to promote a culture of peace and about individuals and organizations employing nonviolent and peacebuilding principles to improve society;
teaching about the benefits of a peaceful society, including economic, health, social, and scientific implications of peace; and
promoting other objectives to increase the knowledge of peace processes.
Grants
The Assistant Secretary of Peace Education and Training shall—
provide peace education grants to institutions of higher education for the creation and expansion of peace studies departments and the education and training of teachers in peace studies, violence prevention, peacebuilding, community building, and nonviolent conflict resolution skills; and
establish a grant program to be known as the Community Peace Block Grant program under which the Secretary shall make grants to nonprofit organizations and nongovernmental organizations for the purposes of developing innovative school and neighborhood programs for nonviolent conflict resolution and creating local peacebuilding initiatives.
Office of Domestic Peacebuilding Activities
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of Domestic Peacebuilding Activities, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for Domestic Peacebuilding Activities. The Assistant Secretary for Domestic Peacebuilding Activities shall carry out those functions in the Department affecting domestic peace activities, including the development of policies that prevent domestic violence and that increase awareness about intervention and counseling on domestic violence and conflict.
Responsibilities
The Assistant Secretary for Domestic Peacebuilding Activities shall—
develop policy and disseminate best practices from the field for the treatment of drug and alcohol abuse;
develop community-based strategies for celebrating diversity and promoting acceptance;
develop new policies and build upon existing proven programs to prevent the school-to-prison pipeline by promoting restorative and conflict resolution practices at pre-kindergarten, elementary, secondary, university, and post graduate levels and in police academies, with funding for teacher, staff, student, and community training in nonviolence, restorative practices, conflict resolution, and diversity understanding and appreciation;
develop new policies and build on existing proven programs—
to assist in the prevention of hate, a culture of violence and domination, violence and crime, including the development of non-threatening, non-harassing community policing strategies, mindfulness, and conflict de-escalation training, and other peaceful settlement skills among police and other public safety officers;
to assist in the re-entry into the community by individuals who have been incarcerated by providing trauma healing, including training in anger management, conflict resolution, peacebuilding skills, life skills, and educational and job skills;
to assist in creating strong, happy, and healthy families, including supporting mental health services, domestic violence prevention, gang prevention, anti-bullying programs, animal cruelty prevention, substance abuse prevention, and the development of peaceful parenting skills;
to promote peacebuilding and community-building and to provide restorative justice and restorative practice programs at all levels of the criminal justice system that bring together offenders, victims, and community members in an effort to repair the damage caused by criminal activity through accountability and rehabilitation;
to develop violence prevention and violence de-escalation training for the general public to provide peacebuilding tools for all and to promote sustainable peace, peacebuilding buy-in, and peacebuilding awareness;
to provide for training and deployment into neighborhoods of nonmilitary domestic conflict prevention and peacemaking personnel, including violence interrupters, community safety task force, and civilian community peacekeepers;
to implement respectful, non-targeting, and non-harassing community-based policing to break down barriers between law enforcement officers and the people such officers serve; and
to encourage and facilitate formation of locally and State-run and administered citizen’s boards to recommend any appropriate training as needed for working compassionately and effectively with local, regional, and State populations and to review and hold accountable actions of all local, regional, and State police and law enforcement departments in the United States;
promote informal and cultural exchanges between individuals and groups of proximate neighborhoods and regions to encourage understanding and acceptance; and
disseminate applicable policies and research in consultation with—
the Department of Justice;
the Department of Health and Human Services;
the Department of State; and
the Department of Education.
Grants
The Assistant Secretary for Domestic Peacebuilding Activities shall establish a grant program to be known as the Cultural Diplomacy for Peace grant program under which the Secretary shall make grants to pre-kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations for the purpose of developing domestic cultural exchanges, including exchanges relating to the arts, sports, science, and other academic disciplines, that promote diplomacy and cultural understanding between neighborhoods and members of such neighborhoods.
Office of International Peacebuilding Activities
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of International Peacebuilding Activities, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for International Peacebuilding Activities. The Assistant Secretary for International Peacebuilding Activities shall carry out those functions in the Department affecting international peace activities.
Responsibilities
The Assistant Secretary for International Peacebuilding Activities shall—
develop new programs and promote existing proven programs to—
provide for the training and deployment of graduates of the Peace Academy established under section 102(g) and other nonmilitary conflict prevention and peacemaking personnel;
support national and regional conflict-prevention, de-escalation, and peaceful dispute-resolution initiatives in nations experiencing social, political, medical, or economic strife and among all nations;
develop community building, violence prevention, amelioration and de-escalation training for the general public to educate about peacebuilding skills and to promote sustainable peace, peacebuilding buy-in and peacebuilding awareness;
provide training for the administration of post-conflict reconstruction and demobilization in war-torn societies;
address root causes of violence;
eradicate extreme hunger, infectious and other diseases, and poverty;
eradicate genocide;
achieve universal primary education;
empower women and girls;
eradicate human trafficking; and
eradicate dehumanization and mistreatment of individuals;
support the creation of a multinational nonviolent peace force;
provide for exchanges between individuals of the United States and other nations that are endeavoring to develop domestic and international peace-based initiatives; and
disseminate applicable policies and research in consultation with—
the Department of State;
the Department of Labor;
the Peace Corps;
the United States Institute of Peace; and
any other applicable entities.
Grants
The Assistant Secretary for International Peacebuilding Activities shall establish a grant program to be known as the International Cultural Diplomacy for Peace grant program under which the Secretary shall make grants to pre-kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations for the purpose of developing international cultural exchanges, including exchanges related to the arts, sports, science, and other academic disciplines, that promote diplomacy and cultural understanding between the United States and other nations.
Office of Technology for Peace
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of Technology for Peace, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for Technology for Peace. The Assistant Secretary for Technology for Peace shall carry out those functions in the Department affecting the awareness, study, ethical implications and impact of evolving existing technologies and developing new technologies, including artificial intelligence, mobile technologies, social media, drones, and data science and information, on the creation and maintenance of domestic and international peace, and disseminate applicable policies and research in consultation with appropriate entities of the Department of State.
Grants
The Assistant Secretary for Technology for Peace shall make grants for the research and development of technologies in transportation, communications, agriculture, medicine, and energy that—
are nonviolent in application;
encourage the conservation and sustainability of natural resources, including air, water, land, in order to prevent future conflicts regarding scarce resources due to overuse or natural or human-caused disasters, including climate change and pandemics; and
promote a green, peaceful economy.
Office of Arms Control and Disarmament
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of Arms Control and Disarmament, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Disarmament. The Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Disarmament shall carry out those functions in the Department affecting arms control programs and arms limitation agreements.
Responsibilities
The Assistant Secretary for Arms Control and Disarmament shall—
advise the Secretary on interagency discussions and international negotiations, including discussions involving the United Nations, the Secretary of State, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Secretary of Defense, regarding the increase or reduction and elimination of weapons of mass destruction throughout the world, including the dismantling of such weapons and the safe and secure storage of materials related thereto and efforts to limit or cease development, testing, manufacture or possession of nuclear weapons or threats to use them or to allow any nuclear arms to be stationed in the territory of any nation;
assist nations, international agencies, and nongovernmental organizations in assessing the locations of the buildup of nuclear arms and other weapons of mass destruction;
develop nonviolent strategies to prevent and deter testing or use of offensive or defensive nuclear weapons, weaponized drones, assault weapons, and other weapons of mass destruction, whether based on land, underground, air, sea, or in space;
serve as a depository for copies of all contracts, agreements, and treaties that address the reduction and elimination of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and the protection of space from militarization;
provide technical support and legal assistance for the implementation of such contracts, agreements, and treaties;
disseminate applicable policies and research in consultation with the Department of State and the Department of Commerce; and
address and support nuclear waste cleanup at nuclear test sites, nuclear research facilities and laboratories, Superfund Sites of former and present military bases in the United States and abroad and at lands, in waters, and in the air adjacent to old and new nuclear reactors and nuclear-contaminated sites.
Office of Peacebuilding Information and Research
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of Peacebuilding Information and Research, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for Peacebuilding Information and Research. The Assistant Secretary for Peacebuilding Information and Research shall carry out those functions in the Department affecting research and analysis relating to creating, initiating, and modeling approaches to peaceful coexistence and nonviolent conflict resolution and shall make this information available to Congress, the public, and other interested entities on an ongoing basis.
Responsibilities
The Assistant Secretary for Peacebuilding Information and Research shall—
commission or compile studies on the impact of war, mass shootings, police violence and other types of violence, especially on the physical and mental condition of children (using the 10-point anti-war agenda in the United Nations Children’s Fund report, State of the World’s Children 1996, as a guide) that shall include the study of the effect of war on the environment and public health;
commission or compile studies on the impact of war and other types of violence on soldiers, veterans and civilians;
commission or compile studies on the effect of war and other types of violence on the environment, public health, the economy, and national security;
commission or compile studies on the impact of violence, racism and inequality on such conditions of peace as health care, employment, education, economic equity, food security, voting rights, housing, justice, and rule of law;
compile information on effective community peacebuilding activities and disseminate such information to local governments and nongovernmental organizations in the United States and abroad;
commission or compile research on the effect of violence in the media, including the use of untruths, misinformation and false information and make such reports available to Congress and the public annually;
commission or compile research on the number and circumstances of deaths caused by law enforcement using guns or other weapons, devices or methods, the number and circumstances of deaths to law enforcement officials caused by guns or other weapons, devices or methods, the effects of gun violence in the United States, and make such reports available to Congress and the public annually;
commission or compile research on the effect of teaching nonviolent conflict resolution skills and practices and social emotional education in schools and disseminate such information to educational institutions, Congress and the public annually;
commission or compile any other such research that will foster understanding of the root causes of violence, the root conditions of peace, and policies and practices to promote a culture of peace;
publish a monthly journal of the activities of the Department and encourage scholarly participation;
sponsor conferences throughout the United States to create awareness of the work of the Department;
make available to the public reports, studies, and compiled research described in this Act; and
where applicable, work to carry out the responsibilities under this subsection in consultation with the United States Institute of Peace and other governmental and nongovernmental organizations, including—
the Department of Health and Human Services;
the Department of Justice; and
the Department of State.
Office of Human Rights and Economic Rights
In general
There shall be in the Department an Office of Human Rights and Economic Rights, the head of which shall be the Assistant Secretary for Human Rights and Economic Rights. The Assistant Secretary for Human Rights and Economic Rights shall carry out those functions in the Department that support the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948.
Responsibilities
The Assistant Secretary for Human Rights and Economic Rights shall—
assist the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, in furthering the incorporation of the principles of human rights, as enunciated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, into all agreements between the United States and other nations to help prevent and reduce the causes of violence;
consult with the Secretary of State, the United Nations, the Atrocities Prevention Board of the White House, the Department of Justice, and other similarly concerned governmental and nongovernmental organizations to gather information on and document domestic and international human rights abuses, including genocide, torture, State executions, police brutality, detention for profit, caging of children and other individuals, murder of unarmed civilians, solitary confinement (especially among children), human trafficking, child soldiers, child labor, and slave labor and recommend to the Secretary nonviolent responses to promote awareness, understanding, and correction of abuses;
make such information available to other governmental and nongovernmental organizations in order to facilitate nonviolent conflict resolution;
provide trained observers to work with nongovernmental organizations for purposes of creating a climate conducive to the respect for human rights;
conduct economic analyses of the scarcity of human and natural resources as a source of conflict and make recommendations to the Secretary for nonviolent prevention of such scarcity, nonviolent intervention in case of such scarcity, and the development of programs to assist people facing such scarcity, whether due to armed conflict, greed, misdistribution of resources, overuse or other human causes, including climate disruption, or natural causes;
conduct economic analyses of the impact of violence within and among nations as a source of human displacement and criminalization, vilification, victimization and mistreatment of those fleeing their homes to seek better and safer lives and make recommendations to the Secretary for nonviolent solutions and development of programs to assist people facing such conditions;
assist the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, in developing strategies regarding the sustainability and the management of the distribution of funds from international agencies, the conditions regarding the receipt of such funds, and the impact of those conditions on the peace and stability of the recipient nations;
assist the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Labor, in developing strategies to promote full compliance with domestic and international labor rights law;
conduct policy analysis to ensure that the international development investments of the United States positively impact the peace and stability of the recipient country; and
disseminate policies and research in consultation with appropriate entities of the Department of State.
Intergovernmental Advisory Council on Peace
In general
There shall be in the Department an advisory committee known as the Intergovernmental Advisory Council on Peace (in this section referred to as the Council
). The Council shall provide assistance and make recommendations to the President and the Secretary concerning intergovernmental policies relating to peace and nonviolent conflict resolution.
Responsibilities
The Council shall—
provide a forum for representatives of international bodies, the Federal Government, Tribal governments, and State and local governments to discuss peace issues, including practices, traditions and policies that promote peacebuilding and crises and wellness issues;
promote better intergovernmental relations and offer professional mediation services to ameliorate and resolve intergovernmental and intragovernmental conflict as needed, including elimination of inflammatory rhetoric; and
submit biennially, or more frequently if determined necessary by the Council, a report to the President, the Secretary, and Congress reviewing the impact of Federal peace activities on the Federal Government and on State and local governments.
Membership
The Secretary shall appoint the members of the Council.
Federal Interagency Committee on Peace
Establishment
There is established a Federal Interagency Committee on Peace (in this section referred to as the Committee
). The Committee shall—
assist the Secretary in providing a mechanism to assure that the procedures and actions of the Department and other Federal agencies are fully coordinated; and
study and make recommendations for assuring effective coordination of Federal programs, policies, and administrative practices affecting peace, peacebuilding and violence prevention, and wellness.
Membership
The Secretary shall appoint the members of the Committee.
Staff
The Secretary may appoint and fix the compensation of such employees as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Secretary and the Department. Except as otherwise provided by law, such employees shall be appointed in accordance with applicable laws and the compensation of such employees fixed in accordance with title 5, United States Code.
Consultation required
Consultation in cases of conflict and violence prevention
In general
In any case in which a conflict between the United States and any other government or entity is foreseeable, imminent, or occurring, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall consult with the Secretary of Peacebuilding concerning violence prevention, nonviolent means of conflict resolution, and peacebuilding.
Diplomatic initiatives
In any case in which a conflict described in paragraph (1) is ongoing or recently concluded, the Secretary shall conduct an independent study of diplomatic initiatives undertaken by the United States and other parties to such conflict.
Initiative assessment
In any case in which a conflict described in paragraph (1) has recently concluded, the Secretary shall assess the effectiveness of any initiatives in ending such conflict.
Consultation process
The Secretary shall establish a formal process of consultation in a timely manner with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council—
prior to the initiation of policies or withdrawal of resources that may lead to violence and of any armed conflict between the United States and any other country; and
for any matter involving—
the use of Department of Defense personnel within the United States; or
the proposed or actual distribution of equipment of the Department of Defense to local or State law enforcement entities or to other individuals or entities.
Consultation in drafting treaties and agreements
The head of each appropriate Federal agency shall consult with the Secretary in drafting treaties and peace agreements.
Collaboration
The Secretary shall, for the greatest effectiveness in promoting peace and peacebuilding, collaborate with other Federal agencies, applicable experts, nongovernmental organization stakeholders, appropriate non-profit organization stakeholders and State, Tribal, and local leaders and stakeholders regarding all related programs in all Federal agencies. The collaboration shall include and prioritize those who are most impacted by the programs for the purpose implementing or updating such programs and for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness and impacts of such programs.
Other Matters
Legislative recommendations of the Secretary
Not later than 1 year after the date of the appointment of the first Secretary, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to Congress proposed legislation containing any necessary and appropriate amendments to the laws of the United States to carry out the purposes of this Act.
Peace Days
The Secretary shall encourage citizens to observe and celebrate the blessings of peace and endeavor to create peace on Peace Days. Such days shall include discussions of the professional activities and the achievements in the lives of peacemakers.
Definitions
In this Act:
Department
The term Department means the Department of Peacebuilding established under section 101(a).
ESEA terms
The terms elementary school, secondary school, and State educational agency have the meaning given those terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
Federal agency
The term Federal agency has the meaning given the term agency in section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code.
Institution of higher education
The term institution of higher education has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
Nonprofit organization
The term nonprofit organization means an entity that—
is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)); and
is exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code.
Secretary
The term Secretary means the Secretary of Peacebuilding appointed under section 101(b).
Authorization of appropriations
In general
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act such sums as may be necessary.
Limitation on use of funds
Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (a), at least 85 percent shall be used for domestic peace programs, including administrative costs associated with such programs.
